In this paper, a new scheme for serial communication is proposed. In this method, in addition to the pulse states (high and low), either of negative slope or positive slope of the pulse (saw-tooth waveform) is employed as a representative for another digit. Using pulse slope as a representative for a separate digit will result in sending two-bit-digits using a single pulse, which doubles the transfer rate. The proposed scheme can be used in both synchronized and asynchronized communications and can improve communication speed. Through simulating the proposed scheme, it turned out that this method, because of its proper immunity to noise, can be used as a peripheral interface alongside in-chip communication. The main idea in the raised discussion is to obtain four different geometric pulse shapes acting as four different numbers in the quaternary numeric system, in which it can be serialized/desrialized as easy as pulse states. This proposed method and the suggested system for serialization and deserialization of data can be an adequate alternative in high-speed communication approaches.

Introduction: Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), previously termed Pierre Robin syndrome, consists of three congenital abnormalities: micrognathia (small mandible), glossoptosis, and cleft palate. In Pierre Robin sequence, the events occur in sequence, with one defect leading to the next. PRS occurs with an incidence of 1 in 8500 to 25000. Affected newborns have varying degrees of airway obstruction, often in association with gastroesophageal reflux and feeding difficulties. Intervention is mostly aimed at restoring a patent airway.Case Reports: Airway management in the infant with Pierre Robin sequence can be very challenging because of difficulty with mask ventilation and intubation. Our patient was a 4-year old boy with Robin sequence scheduled for dental repair under general anesthesia. He had a history of palate repair 3 years ago. After inhalation induction with sevofluran, nitrous-oxide in oxygen‚ under spontaneous ventilation, initial laryngeal view with the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope revealed Cormack-Lehane grade IIӀ due to restricted mouth opening and micrognathia. Nasal intubation for two times under the spontaneous respiration were unsuccessful. We fiberoptically intubated the patient with uncuffed tracheal tube (ID 5 mm) while allowing him to breathe spontaneously. Extubation was done with the patient fully awake and with emergency airway equipment immediately available. Postoperatively, he was transferred to intensive care unit where he could be observed closely for delayed complications of airway obstruction.Conclusion: Managing the airway of patients with craniofacial abnormalities can potentially be difficult. Therefore we recommend even simple treatment procedures to be carried out by experienced anesthesiologists, with a variety of different airway devices available such as flexible fiberoptic‚ Storz video laryngoscope and Airtraq optical laryngoscope.

This paper presents a modification to a type of Pulse-width Pulse-Frequency (PWPF) Modulator utilized an integrator block. In this modulator that called here as "Integral Pulse-Width Pulse-Frequency (IPWPF)," an integrator is used instead of the first-order low-pass filter. To improve the performance of the control system, the modulator is modified by using a logical circuit in order to reset the output of the integrator. In this logical circuit, if the error signal becomes less than a specified small value, the integrator will be reset, that is, "Small Error-Reset Integrator (SE-RI)." The modification is applied to the stabilization and pointing modes. In stabilization mode, the control gain is obtained analytically such that the angular rate of the satellite becomes zero or less than a specific percentage of its initial value by a single pulse. Simulation results show that the performance of the modified IPWPF is comparable with that of PWPF in pointing mode.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease, involving almost 2. 5 million people around the world. There are different MR pulse sequences, which are used to detect MS plaques. Objectives: This study aimed to compare, T2 weighted, short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) and phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) pulse sequences, for detecting cervical spinal cord lesions in MS patients. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients with definite MS diagnoses, participated in this study from June to December 2016. 1. 5 T Siemens (Avanto, Erlangen, Germany) MR scanner and three pulse sequences (T2 weighted, STIR and PSIR sequences) were used for cervical cordMRimaging. To assess the effectiveness of these pulse sequences, the lesion to cord ratio (LCR) and lesion to noise ratio (LNR) were calculated. Results: The LCR and LNR of the T2 and PSIR were the same (LCR of 0. 04,-0. 03 and LNR of 2. 74,-2. 09 respectively), just the intensities were reverse. STIR had a significantly different LCR and LNR [0. 23 (P < 0. 001) and 22. 7(P < 0. 001) respectively], hence it was better in diagnosing cervical cord MS plaques. Conclusion: According to the results, using 1. 5 T MRI machine, it implies that the STIR pulse sequence was the best pulse sequence in comparison to T2 and PSIR in detecting cervical cord MS plaques.

Background: Due to some problems of serological assays in diagnosis of patients infected with HIV-1 and HCV, the use of molecular assay has become widely accepted. However, molecular assays have a major drawback of high cost and dependency to expensive thermocycler instruments.Methods: This research described the development of a multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay for the simultaneous or single detection of HIV-1 and HCV genomes in plasma samples. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay has been evaluated using several clinical samples.Findings: The results showed that the primers used in this assay did not have any interactions with each other or with other possible interfering agents. The analytical sensitivity of this assay for both HIV-1 and HCV was calculated as 1000 copies/ml. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay were considered as 90% and 100%, respectively.Conclusion: The developed multiplex NASBA assay can be used for simultaneous or single detection of HIV-1 and HCV viruses with a suitable sensitivity and specificity. Due to easy application, multiplexity, and no need to thermocycler instruments, this assay can be used as a low cost method in laboratories with limited instruments.

Background: Classically, one's heart function is mostly based upon its systolic function, whereas the diastolic function steps on second order. In recent years it has been revealed that diastolic function plays an important role in both cardiac mortality and cardiac morbidity. On the other hand is hypertension which due to increasing the afterload, interferes with these functions of heart. In this study we assessed the diastolic function of hypertensive patients using pulse tissue Doppler.Materials and Methods: 30 patients with high blood pressure that had not consumed antihypertensive agents and along with 30 healthy control ones enrolled in our survey, all of whom had normal sinus rhythm without detectable symptoms corresponding to congestive heart failure, ischemia, valvular diseases and pulmonary problems. 2D echocardiography was performed in both groups as well asM Mode and Doppler echo The PTD echo was performed by the lateral annulus of both tricuspid and mitral valves. Systolic and diastolic findings were measured by PTD.Results: Hypertensive patients had negative diastolic findings but no negative systolic ones. PTS illustrated that E/A ratio (early peak velocity / late peak velocity) in right ventricle had significantly decreases (P<0.01) among these patients. In right ventricle, both RT (relaxation time) (P<0.01), DT (decelation time)(P<0.04) and Am (Late Peak Velocity) (P<0.03) were conversely increased. Right ventricular E/A ratio had a significant correlation with that of left ventricl (P<0.005, r =0.5).Conclusion: It seems that hypertension is longitudinally related with diastolic dysfunction of right ventricle. This disturbance would be represented by the lengthened RT and decreasing of E/A ratio which are both resulted from interfering of two ventricle's function and increased pressure of left ventricle. Therefore, PTD can be applied to evaluate the right ventricular diastolic function among patients with high blood pressure.